Highlighted Topic: President Prabowo Subianto’s International Moves and Foreign Policy (Nov 2024 – Jun 2025)
Introduction
Indonesia has long adhered to its foundational “free and active” foreign policy, striving to maintain neutrality while maximizing partnerships globally. However, since President Prabowo Subianto’s inauguration in October 2024, his bold, hands-on approach signifies a significant departure from tradition. This report examines key aspects of his foreign policy, international engagements, and their wider implications, offering strategic insights for businesses navigating the evolving geopolitical environment.
1. Indonesia’s “Free and Active” Foreign Policy and Prabowo’s Approach
Formulated during the country’s early post-independence period, Indonesia’s “free and active” foreign policy traditionally positions it as a non-aligned power fostering regional stability and global neutrality. Key tenets include avoiding entangling alliances, balancing relations between great powers, and acting as a bridge between developed and developing nations.
Prabowo’s Shift
President Prabowo has introduced a more “personalistic” and engaged approach, emphasizing:
- Multi-alignment over strict neutrality, fostering ties with diverse powers such as China, the S., BRICS nations, and the Middle East simultaneously.
- Greater presidential involvement, including face-to-face diplomacy and direct negotiations, contrasting with the low-profile, delegatory style observed during President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s leadership.
- A focus on securing defense and economic partnerships, reshaping Indonesia’s global role while subtly stepping away from ASEAN-centric cooperation.
These adjustments aim to position Indonesia as a more assertive, autonomous player on the global stage.
2. Key International Engagements and Agreements
BRICS Membership
- Timeline: Indonesia officially joined BRICS in January 2025, becoming the first Southeast Asian member.
- Significance:
- Provides access to funding from BRICS-led initiatives such as the New Development Bank (NDB), reducing reliance on Western financial institutions.
- Enhances Indonesia’s role as a voice for the Global South, advocating for equitable global governance.
- China’s Role: As Indonesia’s largest trading partner, China’s support was instrumental in facilitating BRICS membership. However, this alignment with Beijing raises concerns over potential overdependance.
U.S. Relations
- Diplomatic Engagements:
- President Prabowo placed high priority on maintaining open channels with Washington, visiting the S. immediately after his Beijing trip and meeting with President Biden in November 2024, followed by a symbolic call with then President-elect Trump. While trade negotiations have stalled due to heightened U.S. tariffs and the absence of permanent ambassadors, Indonesia has continued dialogue at senior levels, including tariff and green energy talks.
- Key Agreements and Issues:
- Areas of focus include trade balance, renewable energy initiatives, and ongoing negotiations to reduce tariff barriers on Indonesian goods.
- However, geopolitical friction persists, especially following Indonesia’s BRICS membership and closer engagement with Russia, which has resulted in increased scrutiny by U.S. policymakers and potential ESG-related investment obstacles.
- Implications:
- Maintaining a delicate balance with the S. remains crucial, as the U.S. is a major export market and a key technological and investment partner. Any perceived tilt toward U.S. strategic rivals may limit Indonesia’s access to Western capital and technology.
Relations with Japan and South Korea
- Japan:
- Early in his presidency, Prabowo visited Japan as part of a broader Asian diplomatic tour, emphasizing the importance of trade, investment, and defense cooperation.
- Japan remains a top investor, providing key financing for infrastructure and energy projects, and collaborating in maritime security, including joint exercises in the Indo-Pacific.
- South Korea:
- Indonesia has strengthened its comprehensive partnership with South Korea through joint ventures in automotive manufacturing, technology transfer, and the KF-21 fighter jet development.
- The two countries have deepened cooperation on digital economy initiatives as well as green technology exchanges to support Indonesia’s energy transition.
ASEAN and Southeast Asian Engagements
- ASEAN Relations:
- While Prabowo retains Indonesia’s commitment to ASEAN as a core diplomatic platform, his approach places less emphasis on multilateral ASEAN processes and more on bilateral ties and leadership across Southeast Asia.
- Indonesia actively participated in ASEAN summits and economic forums, reaffirming support for regional economic integration and tariff reductions.
- Bilateral Highlights:
- Prabowo furthered ties with Singapore and Vietnam, exploring expanded cooperation in infrastructure investment, cybersecurity, and defense technology.
- Engagements with Malaysia and the Philippines have focused on maritime security cooperation and green energy initiatives.
Moscow Visit and SPIEF Participation
- Event Overview:
- On June 19, 2025, President Prabowo attended the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) while opting out of the G7 Summit in Canada.
- Key outcomes included a $2.29 billion joint investment platform between Indonesia’s sovereign wealth fund Danantara and Russia’s Direct Investment Fund (RDIF).
- Negotiated a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), eliminating tariffs on 93% of traded goods such as palm oil, rubber, and coffee.
- Implications:
- Amplifies economic diversification and fortified ties with non-Western bloc.
- Risks heightened Western scrutiny, particularly from ESG-sensitive capital markets.
Middle East Partnerships
- Key Engagements:
- Multi-city tour within the Middle East (April 2025), including the UAE, Qatar, Turkey, and Egypt.
- Secured Middle Eastern investments focused on critical minerals, renewable energy, and defense technologies (e.g., Turkish drones and cyber training deals).
- Strategic Importance:
- Reinforces Indonesia’s regional leadership within the Islamic world while securing capital flows aligned with its developmental goals.
Defense Modernization and Strategic Partnerships
President Prabowo has prioritized Indonesia’s military capability through agreements including:
- A bilateral defense pact with Australia, focused on countering South China Sea militarization.
- Expanded defense trade and technology-sharing programs with Turkey and China, covering cybersecurity and reconnaissance tools.
- Strengthened security and defense engagement with Japan and South Korea, particularly in maritime domain awareness, joint training, and defense technology transfer.
- Increasing reliance on both Middle Eastern and Russian suppliers to reduce dependence on Western defense equipment.
Economic Impacts
- Diversification:
- Trade agreements with BRICS, EAEU, and Gulf nations promise access to broader markets and alternative funding sources.
- Projects such as critical minerals processing and renewable energy investment aim to accelerate Indonesia’s clean energy transition.
- Geopolitical Risk:
- Perceived alignment with Russia and China invites potential repercussions, including tighter regulations from Western markets and restricted access to Western financial sysytems.
- Negative ESG perceptions may deter investments from compliance- sensitive funds.
Defense Impacts
- Strengthened capabilities via robust defense pacts are pivotal in asserting Indonesia’s regional
- However, closer collaboration with politically contentious nations like Russia and Turkey risks complicating existing ties with Western allies.
3. Risks and Opportunities for Businesses Risks
- Geopolitical Uncertainty:
- Increased estrangement from Western allies could prompt heightened compliance and regulatory hurdles for Indonesian products.
- Tighter sanctions or stricter scrutiny may affect key export sectors, such as rubber and electronics.
- Market Volatility:
- Shifts in geopolitical alliances could trigger capital outflows or reduced foreign direct investment (FDI).
Opportunities
- Emerging Markets Access:
- FTAs with non-Western blocs, including BRICS and EAEU, lower trade barriers and create new revenue streams.
- Sectoral Growth:
- Renewable energy, defense, and infrastructure projects promise significant growth, backed by strategic investments from China and the Middle East.
- Regional Leadership:
- Enhanced engagement within the Global South solidifies Indonesia’s position as a key player in South-South cooperation.
Businesses can benefit from engaging in government-supported projects while diversifying export markets to mitigate dependency on Western consumers.
Skylight’s Opinion
Indonesia’s evolving foreign policy under President Prabowo is unlocking new economic opportunities but also introducing complex geopolitical risks. In this dynamic environment, Skylight believes businesses should approach the market with both optimism and caution.
To thrive, companies should:
- Mitigate Risks: Carefully review compliance, especially with partners in sanctioned countries like Russia, and stay alert to any trade developments from Western markets.
- Diversify: Pursue opportunities with BRICS and emerging trade partners, while also exploring Indonesia’s expanding sectors in renewable energy and defense.
- Stay Adaptable: Adjust business models in response to rapidly changing geopolitical dynamics and investor expectations, with particular attention to ESG factors.
- Engage Strategically: Build strong relationships with Indonesian policymakers to stay ahead of regulatory changes and to participate in national projects.
Indonesia’s bold multi-alignment strategy is reshaping its regional and global standing. While there are challenges—especially in balancing relations with traditional Western partners and new alliances—enterprises that remain agile, compliant, and forward-looking are best positioned to seize emerging opportunities. In Skylight’s view, managing risks and diversifying strategies will be vital to long-term growth as Indonesia charts its new course on the global stage.
Latest Update
- PepsiCo’s Inauguration of Its First Factory in Indonesia Worth IDR 3.3 Trillion
- US snack food giant PepsiCo has officially launched its first factory in Indonesia, located in the Greenland International Industrial Center (GIIC) in Cikarang, West The facility represents a total investment of US$200 million (approximately IDR 3.3 trillion). The inauguration ceremony took place on June 18, 2025, marking a major milestone in PepsiCo’s expansion into Indonesia.
- Built on a 6-hectare site, the factory features three production lines with a combined annual capacity of 24,000 It has already created nearly 400 jobs. The plant will manufacture some of PepsiCo’s most iconic snack brands, including Lay’s, Doritos, and Cheetos—popular choices among Indonesian consumers.
- This shows that Indonesia’s snack food market remains highly promising, with ample room for Driven by a young consumer base—millennials and Gen Z, who make up 55% of the population—the industry is on an upward trajectory. In 2023, the market was valued at US$3.87 billion and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.13% through 2029.
- Pertamina NRE Collaborates With LONGi Green Technology For Photovoltaic Manufacturing Facility in Deltamas (GIIC)
- Pertamina New & Renewable Energy (Pertamina NRE), in collaboration with China-based photovoltaic giant LONGi Green Technology , Ltd, has officially launched a strategic project to establish a solar panel (PV) manufacturing facility in GIIC.
- The facility is targeted to have a production capacity of 4 GW per year, and will utilize the latest technology from LONGi as a global leader in solar PV manufacturing, Hybrid Passivated Back Contact (HPBC) 2.0 type N which can produce high-efficiency solar modules.
- According to the Ministry of Industry, Indonesia’s current domestic solar panel production capacity stands at just 6 GWp per year. The new facilities will double this capacity to 3 GWp, strengthening national manufacturing capabilities and supporting Indonesia to export renewable electricity to Singapore.
- Indonesia to Launch Nation’s First Ocean-Current Power Plant
- Indonesia is set to construct its first Ocean Current Power Plant (PLTAL), marking a significant milestone in the country’s renewable energy The project, valued at $220 million (IDR 3.57 trillion), will have a total capacity of 40 megawatts (MW) and is part of the government’s 2025–2034 Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL).
- Location: The PLTAL will be developed in two phases:
- East Nusa Tenggara Province: 20 MW
- West Nusa Tenggara Province: 20 MW
- Timeline: Construction is expected to begin soon, with operations targeted for 2028.
- Collaborators: The project involves partnerships with international and local entities, including:
- SBS Indonesia (UK)
- NOVA Innovation (UK) in collaboration with PT Pertamina Power Indonesia
- Tidal Bridge (Netherlands)
- Technology Options: 5 types of ocean energy technologies will be
- Tidal Power: Utilizes ocean tides through tidal dams and offshore turbines.
- Wave Power: Harnesses surface wave energy using wave power systems and Oscillating Water Column (OWC) devices.
- Ocean Current Power: Leverages undersea currents with vertical-axis and horizontal-axis turbines.
- Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Exploits temperature differences between ocean layers using open-cycle and closed-cycle systems.
- Salinity Gradient Energy: Utilizes the salt concentration difference between freshwater and seawater.
- Significance
- Renewable Energy Goals: The project is part of Indonesia’s broader strategy to achieve a 5 GW increase in power capacity by 2034, with renewables and energy storage accounting for 76% of new power plants.
- Marine Energy Potential: As the world’s largest archipelagic state, Indonesia has an estimated marine energy capacity of up to 160 GW, making it a prime location for ocean-based renewable energy projects.
- Energy Transition: This initiative supports Indonesia’s commitment to energy resilience, self-sufficiency, and sustainable utilization of marine resources.
- Bauxite Smelter Project Planned on Navy-Owned Land in Dabo Singkep
- The island of Dabo Singkep, Riau Islands, which has been a training area for the Navy, has been designated as a site for bauxite smelter developed by PT Tianshan Alumina Indonesia, a subsidiary of Tianshan Aluminum , Ltd. one of the largest aluminum producers in Chinam.
- PT Tianshan Alumina Indonesia plans to build the bauxite smelter with a production capacity of 2 million tons of alumina per year, on 400 Ha land with an investment value reaching $1.6 billion (IDR 7 trillion).
- There are three active bauxite refining facilities in Indonesia with total input capacity is 9 million tons per year – producing 4.3 million tons of alumina:
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- PT Indonesia Chemical Alumina, owned by state-controlled PT Aneka Tambang, processes bauxite into Chemical Grade Alumina, capacity of 300 thousand tonnes per year.
- PT Well Harvest Winning Alumina Refinery with two lines of 2 million tons of Smelter Grade Alumina (SGA) per year.
- PT Bintan Alumina Indonesia (BAI) with an initial capacity of 2 million tons of SGA, where 72.7% of its shares are owned by Global Aluminium International Pte Ltd – a JV between Nanshan Aluminum (95%), Redstone Group (5%), and Press Metal Aluminium Holdings Bhd (25%).
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- Cikarang Listrindo’s Renewable Energy Expansion
- Cikarang Listrindo is expanding its business into the renewable energy sector by establishing a new subsidiary called PT Energi Baik Alami (EBA).EBA will operate as a holding company and will focus on managing and developing investments in the renewable energy.
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- As one of the largest private electricity providers in Indonesia., Cikarang Listrindo has been serving electricity needs for several industrial parks around Cikarang, West The three large power plants owned by Cikarang Listrindo are:
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- MM2100 Gas Power Plant (PLTG)
- Jababeka Gas and Steam Power Plant (PLTGU)
- Babelan Steam Power Plant (PLTU)
- The total capacity of the three plants reaches 1,144 megawatts (MW). Cikarang Listrindo has entered the Rooftop Solar Power Plant (PLTS) sector with a capacity of 2 megawatt peak (MWp).
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- EDGENEX Data Centres by DAMAC Announces IDR 37 Trillion Investment
- Damac Group, owned by Dubai billionaire Hussain Sajwani’s, is expanding its footprint in Indonesia with a second data center project valued at $2.3 billion, as demand surges for cloud computing and AI-related infrastructure.
- Its first data center project in Indonesia was announced in 2024, located in MT Haryono – Jakarta, with a planned capacity of 15 MW, where the first phase of construction is scheduled for completion in the Q4/2025.
- Damac’s second investment will be used to build a modern data center infrastructure on a 12 Ha of land, somewhere in the Industrial Park located in Cikarang, West Java. The initial phase of the project is targeted for completion in 2026 and will continue to grow until 2028.
- Indonesia’s national data center capacity stood at approximately 180 MW at the beginning of the Prabowo This has since increased to 290 MW. For comparison, Malaysia’s current data center capacity is estimated at around 400 MW. However, Indonesia is rapidly catching up, with national capacity is projected to reach 900 MW by the end of 2025.
- Indonesia Slips 13 Ranks In World Competitiveness
- Indonesia experienced a significant drop in its global competitiveness, sliding 13 positions to rank 40th in the 2025 World Competitiveness Ranking (WCR) recently released by the IMD World Competitiveness Center (WCC).
- Indonesia had previously seen steady gains in recent years, climbing from 44th in 2022 to 34th in 2023, and then to 27th in 2024, before experiencing this significant setback.
- The IMD evaluates national competitiveness using 262 indicators, comprising 170 quantitative statistics and 92 survey-based metrics gathered from over 6,000 executives across participating The evaluation framework is structured around four key dimensions: economic performance, government efficiency, business efficiency, and infrastructure.
- For each four key dimensions Indonesia ranked: 24th in economic performance, 34th in government efficiency, and 26th in business efficiency, and in infrastructure, placing 57th.
- With the competitive ranks set in place, Indonesia has become the country with the largest decline in the 2025 IMD Competitiveness Ranking, alongside Turkey (53rd to 66th), with both countries down to 13 ranks.
- On the other hand, Malaysia impressively managed to jump 11 ranks to 23rd- from 34th position in the 2025 IMD Competitiveness Ranking- highlighting the impact of bold economic reforms and signifying the country’s position as a rising hub for high-value, innovation-driven industries in ASEAN.
- Import Policy Adjustments Aim to Strengthen Indonesia’s Industrial Base
- The Indonesian government has relaxed import restrictions on 10 product categories as part of its first-phase regulatory reform, aimed at boosting industrial competitiveness and economic resillience.
- A central measure in this reform is the deregulation of Ministry of Trade Regulation (MOT) 8/2024, which previously governed import policy. It has now been replaced by MOT Regulation No. 16/2025, which sets the overarching framework for imports, complemented by eight new commodity- specific MOT regulations.
- The following 10 categories are now eligible for relaxed import procedures:
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- Forestry products – including wood and other raw materials for industrial processing, to reduce pressure on domestic forests.
- Subsidized fertilizers – essential for food security and national agricultural self-sufficiency.
- Fuel and energy materials – to support domestic industries with more competitive input costs.
- Plastic raw materials – critical for manufacturing and packaging.
- Certain chemical substances – previously restricted imports now permitted, as the domestic sector is deemed competitive.
- Pearls – used as raw materials in jewelry and export-oriented industries.
- Food trays – to meet demand under the government’s Free Nutritious Meal Program for students.
- Footwear – particularly athletic shoes not yet produced domestically.
- Bicycles – to support health, mobility, and lifestyle trends.
- Food additives, including saccharin, cyclamate, and alcohol-based flavor preparations
- Tuban Oil Refinery Project is Under Review
- The Indonesian government is reviewing the investment plans for the Tuban oil refinery project in East Java, a joint venture between PT Pertamina and Russia’s Rosneft under the company PT Pertamina Rosneft Pengolahan & Petrokimia (PRPP). Initially estimated at US$13.5 billion, the investment has risen to US$23–24 billion (IDR 377–392 trillion) due to revised designs, land acquisition costs, and geopolitical and currency adjustments.
- Energy Minister Bahlil Lahadalia stated that the project requires further review as the economic value does not align with the increased costs. Discussions about the project were also part of President Prabowo Subianto’s recent visit to Russia, where he met with President Vladimir Putin.
- The refinery, planned to process 300,000 barrels of crude oil daily, aims to produce 10,921 kilotons of fuel and 5,060 kilotons of petrochemical products The project has faced delays despite a design contract signed in 2019.
- Hydrexia and Samator Partnership in Hydrogen Project
- Hydrexia Singapore Pte Ltd., a subsidiary of Australian hydrogen firm Hydrexia Holding Limited, and PT Samator Indo Gas have signed an MoU to form a strategic partnership focused on hydrogen solutions in Indonesia. The collaboration will combine Hydrexia’s hydrogen technology expertise with Samator’s distribution network and customer engagement capabilities to address the growing demand for hydrogen in Indonesia and support the country’s energy transition goals.
- Samator, a leading industrial gas company in Indonesia, operates across sectors like healthcare, oil and gas, and petrochemicals, while Hydrexia specializes in hydrogen production, storage, and applications. The partnership aims to leverage the increasing interest in hydrogen as a clean energy source and contribute to Indonesia’s renewable energy Both companies will collaborate on business development, marketing, and project execution in the hydrogen sector.
- Indo-China EV Battery Cell Factory in Artha Industrial Hills
- President Prabowo Subianto officiated the groundbreaking of an integrated electric vehicle (EV) battery plant on June 29, 2025 at Artha Industrial Hill in Karawang Regency, West Java.
- The project is part of the ANTAM–IBC–CBL Consortium’s Integrated EV Battery Ecosystem, a six-project initiative spanning from upstream to Five of the six projects are located in East Halmahera, while the battery cell factory is the sole project in Java. PT Aneka Tambang Tbk (ANTAM), Indonesia Battery Corporation (IBC), and the CBL Consortium (comprising CATL, Brunp, and Lygend) jointly develop the initiative.
- Listed as a National Strategic Project (PSN), the ecosystem carries a total investment value of US$5.9 billion, covers a total of 3,023 Ha, and is projected to generate 8,000 direct and 35,000 indirect The 6 projects are:
- Upstream Projects
- JV 1: Nickel Mining Project
PT Sumberdaya Arindo (SDA) operates a nickel mining project with a combined production capacity of 13.8 million wet metric tons (wmt)— comprising 7.8 million wmt of saprolite and 6 million wmt of limonite. Ownership: 51% PT Antam and 49% CBL. Production started in 2023.
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- JV 2: Nickel Smelting Facility – Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace (RKEF)
PT Feni Haltim (FHT) will operate a smelter with a capacity of 88,000 tons of refined nickel alloy per year. Ownership: CBL 60% and 40% PT Antam. Production is targeted from 2027.
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- JV 3: Nickel Smelting Facility – High Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL)
PT Nickel Cobalt Halmahera (HPAL JVCO) targeting annual output of 55,000 tons of Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP). Ownership: CBL 70% and PT Antam 30%, with operations expected to begin in 2028.
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- Downstream Projects
- JV 4: Battery Materials Plant
- Downstream Projects
This project will produce cathode materials, cobalt sulfate, and ternary precursors with a total production capacity of 30,000 tons of lithium hydroxide per year. It will be located in East Halmahera, North Maluku, with CBL 70% and PT IBC 30%. Commercial operations are scheduled to begin in 2028.
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- JV 5: Battery Cell Manufacturing Facility – PT Contemporary Amperex Technology Indonesia Battery (CATIB)
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Located in Artha Industrial Hill (AIH) this project will be developed in two phases: Phase 1: 6.9 GWh/year (operational in 2026) Phase 2: 8.1 GWh/year (operational in 2028). The total capacity will reach 15 GWh/year. Ownership: CBL 70% and PT IBC 30%.
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- JV 6: Battery Recycling Plant
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Located in East Halmahera, North Maluku, this facility will recycle used batteries with a processing capacity of 20,000 tons of metal per year. Ownership: CBL 60% and PT IBC 40%, with operations targeted to commence in 2031.
Latest Update – Japanese Companies Movements in Indonesia
- Ippudo Plan to Launch Halal-Compliant Ramen Outlet in Indonesia
- On June 11, Chikaranomoto Holdings , Ltd., operator of the Ippudo ramen chain, announced that it will open a halal-certified Ippudo ramen restaurant in Indonesia. The new outlet will adhere to Islamic dietary laws to cater to the local Muslim population.
- Chikaranomoto Holdings , Ltd. will establish a wholly owned subsidiary in Indonesia under the provisional name “Noodle Mania Indonesia.”
- Sharp to Increase Production of Home Appliances in Indonesia
- Sharp Corporation announced during its Business Strategy Briefing held on June 17 that it will enhance the production capacity of its home appliance factory in Indonesia by the fiscal year ending March 2028.
- Currently, the household penetration rate of refrigerators and washing machines in Indonesia remains around 50%. Recognizing this as a major growth opportunity, Sharp positions itself as a market leader in these The company anticipates that rising income levels and increasing environmental awareness among consumers will drive demand for high value-added appliances.
- Kantobi Launches VR Safety Training for Technical Intern Trainees to Improve Construction Site Standards
- Shizuoka-based construction firm, Kantobi , Ltd., a specialist in scaffolding and site operations, has launched a new virtual reality (VR) training program designed to improve safety and skills acquisition among new and foreign workers. The program enables participants to practice site operations—such as temporary scaffolding installation—in a virtual environment that closely simulates real-world conditions, contributing to enhanced on-site safety.
- Kantobi , Ltd. currently accepts technical intern trainees from Vietnam and Indonesia. The VR training system is equipped with audio and subtitles in both languages, ensuring usability and effective learning for the trainees. Initiatives of this kind are anticipated to support the development of skilled human resources in Indonesia.
- Otsuka Group Launches “Mental Ease at Workplaces” Program
- In commemoration of its 50th year in Indonesia, Otsuka Group has formally introduced the “Mental Ease at Workplaces” program—an initiative designed to confront workplace mental health challenges and reduce associated stigma through structured education, professional counseling, and reintegration support mechanisms.
- Otsuka Group positions investment in this area as a strategic The company takes a holistic view of health—encompassing physical, mental, and social wellbeing—and is re-evaluating its approach to creating a supportive workplace environment.
- The program’s launch was attended by key figures from Indonesia’s Ministry of Health and the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM), who acknowledged Otsuka’s long-standing contributions to public health, including in the areas of IV solutions, cholera, and tuberculosis treatment.
- Otsuka Group has maintained a strong manufacturing presence in Indonesia since Through PT Otsuka Indonesia, it produces IV solutions, medical devices, and pharmaceuticals in Lawang, East Java. Its beverage subsidiary, PT Amerta Indah Otsuka, operates two major factories: one in Sukabumi, West Java, and another in Kejayan, East Java.
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- https://www.petromindo.com/news/article/indonesia-and-russia-reassess-investment- in-tuban-refinery-project
- https://energynews.pro/en/hydrexia-and-samator-join-forces-for-the-indonesian- hydrogen-market/
- https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOJC1180T0R10C25A6000000/
- https://www.nikkei.com/nkd/industry/article/?DisplayType=2&n_m_code=035&ng=DGK KZO89434290X10C25A6TB3000
- https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOCC1619P0W5A610C2000000/
- https://www.otsuka.co.id/post/otsuka-group-launches-mental-ease-workplaces- program-its-50th-anniversary