Highlighted Topic: Impact of the Gig Economy and the Potential Grab-Gojek Merger
Overview of the Gig Economy
The gig economy has fundamentally transformed the global workforce, offering flexible, on- demand employment opportunities via digital platforms. While this model serves consumers’ demand for convenience and grants workers autonomy, it has also introduced significant challenges. Precarious job security, gaps in labor protections, and the strain placed on traditional industries, such as food and beverage (F&B), underscore the need for a balanced approach to ensure equitable growth.
Recent Challenges in the F&B Industries of Singapore and Malaysia
Labor Shortages Driven by the Gig Economy
Both Singapore and Malaysia’s F&B industries are struggling with critical labor shortages. Workers are increasingly drawn to gig economy roles that promise flexibility, greater autonomy, and, in some cases, perceived income stability. This migration has created a significant talent gap in the F&B space, leaving numerous businesses understaffed and under pressure.
- Singapore
The sector grapples with high turnover rates and an aging workforce. Notably, over 3,000 F&B businesses closed their doors in 2024, including some high-profile ventures. Industry efforts to redesign jobs, such as shorter shifts and better rotations, are ongoing, but the sector still faces stiff competition from gig platforms luring workers away. - Malaysia
The challenges intensified during the pandemic as many transitioned to gig roles, drawn by less rigid schedules. A temporary freeze on foreign labor recruitment and changing workforce expectations have further strained restaurant operations. Businesses report longer service wait times, declining quality, and postponed expansion plans due to staff shortages.
Rising Operational Costs
Attempts to bring talent back into the F&B industry by offering higher wages and additional incentives have led to rising operational costs. Combined with limitations on scalability, these pressures threaten both the profitability and sustainability of businesses within the sector.
Bridging to the Potential Grab-Gojek Merger
The struggles faced by the F&B industries in Singapore and Malaysia highlight a greater interconnected challenge within the gig economy. The proposed Grab-Gojek merger, bringing together Southeast Asia’s leading digital platforms, has the potential to exacerbate these labor dynamics. By consolidating labor demand under a single dominant entity, such a merger could deepen labor shortages in traditional sectors like F&B while further entrenching reliance on gig platforms.
Beyond the labor implications, this merger highlights regional debates on market dominance, consumer choices, and regulatory frameworks. The challenges observed in the F&B sector provide a lens to evaluate how unchecked consolidation in the gig economy could disrupt industries across Southeast Asia.
Behind the Gojek-Grab Merger
A Transformative Moment for Southeast Asia’s Digital Economy
The potential merger between Gojek and Grab, Indonesia’s largest digital platforms, marks a historic crossroads for Southeast Asia’s tech landscape. While no formal agreement has been declared, persistent signals from stakeholders and analysts suggest this consolidation is not a matter of if, but when. This merger could ripple across economies, reshaping market structures, labor dynamics, data governance, and innovation for decades to come.
For investors, it promises operational synergies and market dominance. For policymakers, however, it raises critical questions about competition, sovereignty, and the resilience of national digital futures.
Millions of Livelihoods at Stake
Since their launch, Gojek and Grab have become economic linchpins in Indonesia. Together, they support nearly 4–5 million online motorcycle taxi (ojek) drivers, who earn daily wages of IDR 150,000 to 200,000, translating to an average monthly net income of IDR 10,000,000.
Beyond drivers, approximately 250,000 full-time employees—from engineers to customer service staff—are employed by these platforms, providing essential jobs in a labor market that struggles to match demand for high-quality employment.
However, a merger could disrupt this ecosystem. Workforce rationalization, incentive cuts, or monopolistic conditions could jeopardize the financial security of millions. The stakes extend beyond income, threatening the livelihoods of countless families and challenging the nation’s social stability.
Data Sovereignty in the Crosshairs
Beyond jobs, the merger poses a significant risk to Indonesia’s digital sovereignty. Collectively, Gojek and Grab possess vast reservoirs of sensitive data, including personal identities, geolocation, transaction records, and behavioral patterns. A merged entity governed from outside Indonesia would likely oversee this data, raising alarms about privacy, security, and compliance with Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP No. 27/2022).
Other countries grappling with similar concerns offer cautionary lessons. For instance, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) mandates strict penalties for improper data transfers outside its jurisdiction. Without rigorous enforcement, Indonesia risks losing control over its digital behavioral blueprint to foreign entities.
Digital Brain Drain and Reduced Innovation
The merger could further drain Indonesia’s already strained talent ecosystem. Consolidating operations often centralizes high-value roles, such as R&D functions, in overseas hubs. Grab’s current engineering expansions in Singapore, Bangalore, and Ho Chi Minh City highlight this risk.
Such a trend mirrors the “#kaburajadulu” movement, wherein Indonesia’s skilled youth migrate abroad in search of better opportunities. If unchecked, this brain drain could stymie local innovation and lock the nation into a middle-income trap. Comparable examples, like China’s talent retention subsidies for tech workers, spotlight a need for Indonesia to invest in measures ensuring tech talent thrives domestically.
Monopoly Power and Vanishing Competition
From a market competition standpoint, a combined Gojek-Grab entity risks creating a near- monopoly in Indonesia’s platform economy. Their dominance across mobility (combined
100% share), food delivery (95% share), and digital payments (over 90% share) would suppress competition, leaving smaller players like Maxim and inDrive little room to survive.
On a regional scale, the merger would secure over 70% of Southeast Asia’s taxi market GMV and nearly 90% of the food delivery sector. This would grant the merged company disproportionate control over pricing, consumer data, and policy influence. Without competition, both service quality and innovation may stagnate, benefiting platforms at the expense of workers and consumers.
Learning from Global Precedents
Governments worldwide have acted decisively to prevent unchecked foreign influence over strategic industries. For example:
- United States: President Biden’s 2025 block on Nippon Steel’s acquisition of U.S. Steel underscored the importance of controlling critical supply chains.
- Singapore: The Significant Investments Review Act (SIRA) requires pre-merger approvals for firms acquiring control of national assets, ensuring national resilience.
- China: An expanded National Security Review scrutinizes foreign investments in sensitive tech and digital infrastructure to protect industrial autonomy.By comparison, Indonesia’s lack of a formal pre-merger review process leaves its digital economy vulnerable to unchecked consolidations that may erode sovereignty and competition.Skylight Opinion – Anticipating the Impact of the Gig EconomyThe gig economy, while a driver of flexibility and innovation, is rapidly becoming a double-edged sword in Indonesia and its neighboring countries. Its influence, amplified by the potential Grab- Gojek merger, underscores the urgent need for a balanced approach that safeguards both growth and equity. The ramifications of unchecked growth in this landscape are no longer hypothetical— they’re knocking on the region’s door, affecting multiple industries and millions of workers.
Challenges Warrant Immediate Attention
• Labor Market Disruption
The gig economy has absorbed a significant portion of the workforce, often at the expense of traditional sectors like F&B and manufacturing. This workforce shift exposes
gaps in job security, access to benefits, and long-term career prospects, leaving millions vulnerable to economic shocks.
- Widening Inequality
The gig economy’s model often prioritizes platform profitability over worker welfare, exacerbating income disparities. For some, it provides financial independence, while for many others, it perpetuates insecure livelihoods without a safety net.
Erosion of Talent Retention and Innovation
A consolidated Grab-Gojek platform could redirect high-value skills and R&D activities to regional hubs outside Indonesia, draining local innovation ecosystems. Neighboring countries may face similar issues if they fail to create employment environments competitive with international platforms’ demands..
The future of Indonesia and Southeast Asia’s digital economy depends on proactive choices made today. The gig economy is not the end of innovation but a dynamic evolution requiring thoughtful governance. This is a chance for the region to lead globally in responsible gig economy management, setting a blueprint for emerging markets. The Grab-Gojek potential merger marks a critical moment—acting now to refine policies, innovate governance, and adapt strategies will determine whether the region thrives or falters in its digital future. The time to shape the outcome is now.
Latest Update
- Indonesia’s Poverty Metrics Set For a Major Haul
- The Indonesian government is updating its poverty line calculations to align with the World Bank’s new global poverty and inequality standards introduced in June These changes incorporate the latest purchasing power parity (PPP 2021) adjustments, increasing the extreme poverty threshold from USD 2.15 to USD 3.00. This update reflects more accurate cross-country purchasing power comparisons.
- With the adoption of PPP 2021, Indonesia’s poverty rate has jumped from 60.3% in 2024 to 68.3%, equating to 194.6 million people. Changes in thresholds for lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries have also been implemented, now USD 20 and USD 8.30 per day, respectively, up from previous standards.
- Since 2023, Indonesia has been classified as an upper-middle-income country by the World Bank, with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of USD 4,580. This categorization impacts policy discussions and economic benchmarks, positioning Indonesia on a trajectory of broader global economic integration.
- Gallant Venture USD 3 Billion Coal and Solar Power Plant in Batam Bintan
- Gallant Venture Ltd., through its subsidiary PT Batamindo Investment Cakrawala (PT BIC), plans to invest $2.7–$3 billion in new power plants to meet rising energy demands in Batam and The project will be developed in two phases, featuring a 2 GW coal-fired power plant and a 400 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) farm, along with supporting infrastructure and submarine transmission cables. Phase 1 will include three 350 MW supercritical coal-fired plants, while Phase 2 will add two 600 MW coal plants and enhance solar PV capacity, to support its group development, including the 320 Ha Batamindo Industrial Park and the expansion of Bintan Industrial Estate (BIE) and additional 2,000 new rooms in Bintan Resorts.
- The investment supports PT BIC’s role as a key infrastructure provider and addresses the region’s growing energy needs, driven by expanding industrial activity, including AI-driven sectors and data
- Recognizing the environmental challenges associated with coal-fired power, the group will utilize supercritical coal technology to improve efficiency and reduce emissions, coupled with carbon capture and storage The solar farm will offset environmental impacts, and solar PV capacity across the group’s industrial parks and resorts will be expanded. Gallant is a strategic partnership between Salim Group and Singapore Sembcorp.
- Two New Industrial Parks in Jombang – East Java
- Java Fortis, part of the Jawa Pos Group, is making its debut in industrial park development with a 200-hectare project in the Kabuh sub-district. Divided into two phases, the project allocates 60% of the area for industrial lots and 40% for green spaces and public facilities, aiming to balance sustainability with business needs.
- With proven experience in industrial park operations, Intiland is developing another project in Jombang, leveraging their success in Ngoro Industrial Park (East Java) and Batang Industrial Park (Central Java). The Batang project highlights their commitment to sustainability, offering green infrastructure and strategic logistics connectivity.
- The Jombang Regency Government is accelerating investment initiatives by streamlining approvals, improving regional infrastructure, and encouraging private-public collaboration. Together, these projects aim to transform Jombang into industrial destinations in East Java.
- DBS and UOB Disburse IDR 6.7 Trillion Loan for Data Center Project in Indonesia
- PT Bank DBS Indonesia and PT Bank UOB Indonesia have provided a loan facility worth IDR 7 trillion (USD 418.75 million) to support the construction of a data center campus in Batam’s Nongsa Digital Park. Developed by DayOne and the Indonesia Investment Authority (INA), this represents INA’s inaugural investment in the data center sector and marks DayOne’s entry into the Indonesian market.
- The project comprises three data centers with a combined IT load capacity of 72.4MW, projected to account for 5% of Southeast Asia’s total data center capacity by 2029. Set for completion by the end of 2025, this initiative is expected to bolster Indonesia’s digital economy infrastructure
- DayOne, the international arm of GDS, is backed by prominent investors like SoftBank Vision Fund and Citadel CEO Kenneth The company oversees a portfolio of 480MW of operational and under-construction data center capacity, with 590MW allocated for future developments across Asia, positioning it as a key player in the region’s data center growth.
- Sembcorp and Panbil Build Floating Solar Farm in Batam
- PT Sembcorp Energy Indonesia, in collaboration with Panbil Group, will launch the Tembesi Innovation District in Batam in 2025. This flagship low-carbon industrial park, located in the Muka Kuning area of Riau Islands Province, will feature a privately developed 40-megawatt-peak (MWp) floating solar farm on the Tembesi reservoir, providing renewable energy through a privately owned grid. Additional sustainable features include battery energy storage systems (BESS), wastewater recycling, rooftop solar panels, LEED-certified factories, solar-powered street lighting, and digital decarbonization solutions, designed to support light and medium industries such as advanced manufacturing and data centers.
- The Tembesi Innovation District is a key component of Sembcorp and Panbil’s broader initiative to develop green industrial zones in The partnership was formalized through MOUs with Panbil subsidiaries in 2024 and also includes plans for a 500-hectare Special Economic Zone (SEZ) on Tanjung Sauh Island to drive industrial growth. The district’s sustainability-focused infrastructure is tailored to meet industries’ needs for reliable power and environmentally friendly operations.
- The Tembesi floating solar project by Sembcorp-Panbil is a separate venture from another solar initiative on the same reservoir led by PT Nusantara Tembesi Baru Energi (NTBE). Both projects, while utilizing the same reservoir, are distinct initiatives with independent stakeholders and objectives.
- Angel Group’s Expansion Plan to Indonesia For Water Purification
- Angel, one of China’s global brands in water purification, has expressed interest in expanding its business reach in Indonesia, due to its market
- Angel is strategically targeting industrial parks, schools, and hospitals as key client segments, with a particular focus on expanding into Sumatra. This decision is based on their research, which identified significantly poor water quality in the region, highlighting a strong demand for their
- Angel has also expressed a strong commitment to establishing a manufacturing facility in Indonesia as part of its long-term expansion This initiative includes collaboration with a local partner and adherence to Indonesia’s Domestic Component Level (TKDN) requirements, aiming to achieve a minimum local content of 10%.
- Globally, Angel serves a diverse portfolio of clients, including prominent brands such as Huawei, Siemens, vivo, BYD, DJI, ZTE, and over 30 major airports across In Indonesia, its most recent partnership is with Tomoro Coffee, encompassing the installation of water purification systems across all outlets, technical training for baristas, and regular water quality audits.
- Indonesia Obtains USD 2 Billion Deal in Defense and Military Hospital Industry
- Ministry of Defense of Indonesia has signed 27 cooperation agreements worth a combined of IDR 33 trillion (approx. USD 2 billion) to procure defense equipment and upgrade military hospitals, in a move to modernize the country’s armed
- The projects include the renovation of 20 military hospitals operated by the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), as well as the acquisition and development of defense-related goods and services through both state-owned and private defense companies.
- Among the participating companies are key state-owned defense firms such as PAL Indonesia, Dirgantara Indonesia, Pindad, LEN Industri, and Dahana, along with private sector partners including Republik Defens Indonesia, Tesco Indomaritim, Aggiomultimex International Grup, and Ellips Project.
- Indonesia Opens USD 12.3 Billion in Infrastructure Project to Foreign Investors
- The Indonesian government is inviting global investors to participate in national infrastructure projects worth approximately IDR 200 trillion (USD 3 billion), with opportunities spanning sectors such as roads, housing, food, and renewable energy during International Conference on Infrastructure (ICI) 2025.
- A total of 46 projects are included in the ICI Project Catalog list, attended by various local and foreign stakeholders from 33 countries ranging from European countries to the Middle East.
- The 46 projects come from 5 ministerial bodies/agencies:
- Ministry of Public Works, which proposed 9 projects with an accumulation of IDR 21 trillion (USD 5.6 billion);
- Ministry of Transportation with a proposal of 5 projects USD 3 billion;
- Ministry of Housing and Settlement Areas with 24 projects for a total of USD 3.37 billion;
- PT Penjaminan Infrastruktur Indonesia (PII) with 4 projects, for a total of USD 259 million;
- PT MRT Jakarta with 4 projects for a total of USD 15 million.
- Vanda Solar & Battery Project in Riau Island
- Vanda RE, a joint venture between Gurīn Energy and Gentari, has partnered with global engineering firm Black & Veatch for its Vanda Solar & Battery Project in Indonesia’s Riau The project includes a solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity of 2 gigawatts peak (GWp) and 4.4 gigawatt hours (GWh) of battery energy storage, forming part of a green economic corridor linking Indonesia and Singapore. Black & Veatch will provide engineering, procurement, and project management services, covering PV systems, high-voltage substations, transmission lines, and other critical infrastructure.
- This initiative is set to enhance Southeast Asia’s renewable energy landscape, positioning Indonesia as a key hub for sustainable development. Jerin Raj of Black & Veatch emphasized the project’s alignment with both economic and environmental goals, leveraging the firm’s extensive expertise in large-scale solar and energy storage to support the region’s energy Gurīn Energy’s Enda Ginting highlighted the project’s long-term benefits for accelerating Asia’s shift to sustainable energy.
- Adding momentum to the project, Vanda RE finalized a framework supply agreement in May 2025 for up to 1 GW of solar panels. The collaboration underscores Vanda RE’s commitment to advancing renewable energy initiatives in the region, fostering economic and ecological progress through the Indonesian-Singapore green electricity partnership.
- APAC Data Centre Boom, Strains Power Grid; Reliability Key to Site Selection
- The Asia-Pacific region is facing growing pressure on its power systems due to surging demand from energy-intensive sectors like data centres, semiconductor manufacturing, and EV battery production, which is straining grid reliability and increasing costs.
- By 2025, APAC is expected to account for half of global electricity consumption, with advanced economies like Singapore, Japan, Australia, and South Korea experiencing significant grid strain due to ageing Data centres alone consumed 415 TWh of electricity last year – around 1.5% global electricity demand, and AI adoption is projected to increase this demand by 160%. The semiconductor industry consumed 149 TWh of electricity in 2021 and is projected to grow nearly 60 per cent to 237 TWh by 2030.
- To address these challenges and meet decarbonisation goals, many APAC countries are expanding renewable energy capacities to support the growing energy needs of these industries while ensuring sustainable development.
- Singapore And Indonesia Deepens Green Energy Partnership
- Singapore and Indonesia have inked three key agreements to strengthen cooperation in clean energy and sustainable development on June 13,
- The first agreement, is regarding cross-border electricity trade, building on energy cooperation frameworks and aims to develop necessary policies, regulatory mechanisms and commercial terms within a year for electricity trade matters, including export and import policies.
- The second agreement focuses on collaboration in carbon capture and storage (CCS). A joint working group will be formed to explore a legally binding bilateral agreement to facilitate project implementation.
- The third agreement supports the development of a sustainable industrial zone in the Bintan, Batam and Karimun region – known collectively as A joint task force will identify potential industries to be developed in the area.
- Wankai New PET Plant in Cilegon, West Java
- China Wankai New Materials Co Ltd, part of Zhink Group, has announced plans to establish a chemical industrial base in Cilegon, Indonesia, through its subsidiary PT Wankai Trade
- The facility will focus on producing polyester materials like PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) to address growing domestic demand and reduce reliance on imports. Developed in three phases, the first phase involves constructing a 75,000-ton PET production line, with completion expected in the medium The project aims to strengthen Indonesia’s industrial supply chain, particularly in the packaging and consumer goods sectors, where PET is essential.
- Wankai operates major facilities in Haining, Zhejiang, and Chongqing, China, with a combined annual capacity of 3 million The company supplies high- quality PET materials to global giants like Coca-Cola, Nestlé, and Danone.
Latest Update – Japanese Companies Driving Innovations in Indonesia
- Terra Drone Bio-composite Utilizing Palm Oil Waste
- Terra Drone , Ltd., headquartered in Tokyo, is a global leader in industrial drone solutions, operating in over 25 countries. The company specializes in geographic data acquisition, industrial inspections, and advanced aerial imagery, serving industries like oil & gas, renewables, and infrastructure.
- Terra Drone Indonesia, a key subsidiary, has co-developed a bio-composite drone cover with Midwest Composites, utilizing agricultural waste from palm oil production. This innovation enhances durability in tropical conditions and reduces CO₂ emissions by 2%, aligning with sustainability goals.
- The bio-composite cover supports safer and more efficient pesticide application in the palm oil sector, reducing worker exposure and promoting environmental conservation. This reflects Terra Drone’s commitment to leveraging technology for sustainable industrial practices.
- Unicharm’s Sustainable Packaging Revolution in Indonesia
- Unicharm Indonesia and Oji Holdings have developed a sustainable cardboard material using Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) from palm oil production. This innovative material, made by blending EFB pulp with traditional pulp, will be used for packaging Unicharm products in Indonesia, addressing the challenge of underutilized palm oil by-products.
- This initiative aligns with Unicharm’s “Environmental Goals 2030,” focusing on reducing plastic use, combating climate change, and preventing By repurposing EFB, the project reduces environmental waste and promotes sustainable resource utilization, contributing to the achievement of several UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- Unicharm Indonesia also promotes environmental awareness through its “Ethical Living for SDGs” concept, offering eco-friendly products and conducting educational programs on waste segregation for These efforts aim to foster a sustainable lifestyle and address knowledge gaps in environmental conservation.
- ITOCHU’s PT Project Tree Indonesia: Pioneering Sustainable Rubber Supply Chains
- ITOCHU’s newly launched PT Project Tree Indonesia (PTI) focuses on sustainable natural rubber production in By addressing challenges faced by smallholder farmers, such as illegal deforestation and human rights issues, PTI provides training to improve agricultural practices and distributes incentives from tire manufacturers to farmers and supply chain actors.
- Since 2019, ITOCHU has been leveraging blockchain technology to trace natural rubber distribution and verify its With PTI, these efforts will expand to include other processing companies, ensuring transparency and promoting the sale of sustainably sourced rubber.
- In anticipation of the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) enforcement in 2025, ITOCHU aims to supply one million tons of traceable, EUDR-compliant This initiative aligns with global sustainability standards and strengthens ITOCHU’s commitment to environmentally responsible supply chains.
- Kao: Sustainability in Action and Market Innovation
- PT Kao Indonesia has completed the second phase of its rooftop solar power project in Karawang, West Java, achieving a total capacity of 6.5 MWp. This initiative, in collaboration with PT Alam Energy Renewable, is expected to cut greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 7,791 tons annually, reflecting the company’s dedication to sustainability and carbon
- Celebrating 40 years in Indonesia, PT Kao Indonesia unveiled Biore Breeze Deodorant, a full-body antiperspirant for women. The product is the first developed at Kao’s local research and development center, established in 2023, showcasing the company’s focus on innovation tailored to the Indonesian
- Indonesia is Kao’s largest overseas market for household products, excluding cosmetics, outperforming even China. Leveraging its success, Kao plans to expand distribution networks, strengthen local partnerships, and roll out Indonesian-developed products to neighboring countries, underlining its strategy for regional growth.
- NSSOL Expands Southeast Asia Presence Acquired IT Company WCS Abysena
- On June 10, PT NSSOL Systems Indonesia(NSIDN), the local subsidiary of Nippon Steel Solutions, acquired all issued shares of PT WCS Abyakta Nawasena(WCS), a Microsoft-certified partner company in Indonesia, making it a group Nippon Steel Solutions holds 99% of the shares, while its local subsidiary holds the remaining 1%
- WCS is recognized as one of Indonesia’s leading IT service providers, with over 20 years of experience delivering consulting, implementation, and maintenance services for Microsoft Dynamics 365 (D365), primarily to local
- Since its establishment in 2014, NSIDN has also been offering Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) implementation and maintenance services, including D365, as part of its comprehensive IT service offerings for Japanese-affiliated companies in Indonesia.
- Through the integration of WCS as a group company, Nippon Steel Solutions seeks to further enhance its commitment to the ERP market in Indonesia by promoting the mutual exchange of marketing capabilities, technical expertise, and operational know-how that both companies have cultivated through their respective client engagements.
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